Cervical cancer risks for teens: Gynaecologist shares 5 key changes to protect your health early on

By Admin

15 Jan, 2026

Cervical cancer is often seen as a disease that affects women later in life, but the foundation for prevention actually begins during the teenage years. While teenagers are generally at minimal risk of developing cervical cancer, they can be exposed to the human papillomavirus (HPV), the leading cause of cervical cancer worldwide. Understanding this connection early can help young people make informed choices that protect their long-term health.

According to Dr Sowmya Raghavan, Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Laparoscopic Surgeon and Fertility Specialist at Apollo Cradle & Children's Hospitals, cervical cancer mainly results from infection with high-risk types of HPV. The virus is extremely common, and most people encounter it at some point in their lives. Research published in the Journal of Colposcopy and Lower Genital Tract Pathology highlights that cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in India. Early exposure to HPV during adolescence can therefore increase health risks later in life.

Understanding HPV and how it spreads empowers teenagers to take proactive steps. Here are five key changes shared by the gynaecologist that can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer.

HPV vaccination
Although teenagers rarely develop cervical cancer, they may contract HPV, which can lead to cancer years later. This is why the HPV vaccine is strongly recommended. It offers effective protection against high-risk HPV types, especially types 16 and 18, which are responsible for most cervical cancer cases. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention recommends vaccination between the ages of 11 and 12, ideally before sexual activity begins. Even individuals up to 26 years or older may still benefit from vaccination if advised by a healthcare provider.
The World Health Organization notes that widespread vaccination not only protects individuals but also reduces the overall burden of cervical cancer for future generations.

Practising safe sexual behaviour
Vaccination is a powerful step, but it does not completely eliminate HPV risk. Safe sexual practices remain essential. Using condoms during sexual activity can reduce the risk of HPV transmission and protect against other sexually transmitted infections. However, condoms do not provide complete protection, as HPV can infect areas not covered by them. Limiting the number of sexual partners and having open conversations about sexual health with partners can further reduce risk and encourage shared responsibility.

Adopting a healthy lifestyle
Lifestyle choices made during adolescence have a lasting impact on overall and cervical health. Smoking weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to clear HPV infections, and the chemicals in cigarettes can damage cervical cells. Instead, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains helps strengthen immunity. Regular physical activity, staying hydrated and managing stress through practices like yoga or meditation also support the body’s natural defences.

Staying informed about screening
Cervical cancer screening is usually recommended later, but awareness should begin early. Cervical cancer often shows no symptoms in its early stages, which is why screening is so important. In the early twenties, regular Pap tests and HPV tests help detect changes in cervical cells before they turn cancerous. Findings referenced in BMC Medical Ethics stress that early detection plays a crucial role in reducing cancer rates and deaths. Making screening a priority and encouraging others to do the same can save lives.

Creating safe spaces for conversation
Open discussions about sexual and reproductive health can feel uncomfortable at first, but they are essential. Talking with friends, family members or trusted adults helps reduce stigma and misinformation around cervical health. When young people feel supported and informed, they are more likely to seek timely care and make healthier choices. Sharing accurate information through conversations, community programmes or social media can have a powerful positive impact.

Being informed is one of the strongest tools for prevention. By understanding HPV, embracing vaccination, practising safe behaviours and encouraging open conversations, teenagers can take meaningful steps today to protect their health in the future.

Note to readers: This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider with questions about a medical condition.